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<title>Léon Choubrac</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Léon Choubrac</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Léon Choubrac</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Poster by Léon Choubrac advertising the publication of '<a href="Germinal_(novel)" title="Germinal (novel)">Germinal</a>' by <a href="Emile_Zola" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Zola">Emile Zola</a> (1840-1902) in <i><a href="Gil_Blas" title="Gil Blas">Gil Blas</a></i>, 25 November 1878</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Paris, <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-11-17</span>)</span>17 November 1847</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">Paris, 5 April 1885<span style="display:none">(1885-04-05)</span> (aged&nbsp;37)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Painter, illustrator, draughtsman and poster artist</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Léon Choubrac</b> (17 November 1847 – 5 April 1885), who sometimes signed his drawings with <b>Hope</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-beraldi14_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beraldi14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a French <a href="Poster_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Poster designer">poster designer</a> and illustrator based in Paris.
</p><p>With his younger brother <a href="Alfred_Choubrac" title="Alfred Choubrac">Alfred Choubrac</a>, Léon was trained as a classical artist with the painters Charles Doërr and <a href="Isidore_Pils" title="Isidore Pils">Isidore Pils</a> at the <a href="%C3%89cole_des_Beaux_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Beaux Arts">École des Beaux Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beraldi14_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beraldi14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Choubrac brothers came very soon to the poster, practicing since 1875 the modern treatment of colors and typography, associated with images thanks to <a href="Chromolithography" title="Chromolithography">chromolithography</a>.
</p><p>In the early 1870s, the Choubrac brothers and <a href="Jules_Ch%C3%A9ret" title="Jules Chéret">Jules Chéret</a> (known as "the father of the modern poster") reduced the cost of colour lithography introducing technical advances. Additionally, in 1881 restrictions on bill-posting (<i>affichage</i>) were lifted and eased state control of the media in France.<sup id="cite_ref-verhagen107_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verhagen107-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1884, the Paris city council started to rent out surfaces belonging to the municipality, paving the way for a rapid increase in the production and distribution of advertising posters. Posters with clear colours and dashing images appeared all over town during the vibrant spirit of the <a href="Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-verhagen107_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verhagen107-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Léon Choubrac drew some posters that higher authorities seized or torn down, amongst others one that showed a woman tortured in the presence of the <a href="Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, advertising a book by <a href="L%C3%A9o_Taxil" title="Léo Taxil">Léo Taxil</a> and Karl Milo, <i>Les Maîtresses du Pape</i> (The Pope's Mistresses) (1884). Another poster, <i>The secret loves of Pius IX</i>, showed the portrait of Pope <a href="Pius_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a> below a series of portraits with heads of young women. The censor made him add a beard to the head of the Pope to disguise it. The poster nevertheless caused a scandal and was torn down by order of the French Minister of the Interior <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Allain-Targ%C3%A9" title="François Allain-Targé">François Allain-Targé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beraldi16_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beraldi16-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Léon and Alfred created the <i>Ateliers Choubrac</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an illustrator, he sometimes collaborated with his brother in <i><a href="Gil_Blas_(periodical)" title="Gil Blas (periodical)">Gil Blas</a></i> or the satirical weekly <i><a href="Le_Courrier_fran%C3%A7ais_(1884%E2%80%931913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Courrier français (1884–1913)">Le Courrier français</a></i>, among others. Choubrac illustrated several works by <a href="Emile_Zola" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Zola">Emile Zola</a>. Although Leon died young at the age of 37 in 1885,<sup id="cite_ref-lanterne_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanterne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his brother Alfred went on to produce an impressive number of posters for Parisian entertainers, theatres, businesses and various commercial products.<sup id="cite_ref-maindron51_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maindron51-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hiatt_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiatt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The poster collector Ernest Maindron, who wrote the first essay about the illustrated poster in the <i><a href="Gazette_des_Beaux-Arts" title="Gazette des Beaux-Arts">Gazette des Beaux-Arts</a></i> in 1884, and later published the first book on the subject (<i>Les Affiches Illustrees</i>) in 1886, mentioned the Choubrac brothers, along with and Chéret, among the pioneers of the illustrated poster.<sup id="cite_ref-maindron_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maindron-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2></div>
<ul style="max-width: 978px;text-align:center;" class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Woman tortured in the presence of the Pope, advertising a book by Léo Taxil and Karl Milo, <i>Les Maîtresses du Pape</i> (The Pope's Mistresses) (1884)</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Poster for <i><a href="Alcazar_d'Hiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcazar d'Hiver">Alcazar d'Hiver</a></i> (1882)</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Advertising poster of <i>Crème Liebig</i></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Advertising poster for a Panorama about the <a href="Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a> (1883)</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-beraldi14-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beraldi14_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beraldi14_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Beraldi, <i>Les graveurs du 19e siècle</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lesgraveursdu19e05berauoft/page/14/mode/2up?q=choubrac">p.14</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-verhagen107-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-verhagen107_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verhagen107_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Verhagen, <i>The poster in Fin-de-Siècle Paris</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC-S13Hx59UC&amp;pg=PA107">p. 107</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-carter-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carter_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, Karen L. (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17460651003688055">Unfit for public display: female sexuality and the censorship of fin‐de‐siècle publicity posters</a></i>, Early Popular Visual Culture, 8:2, 107-124</span>
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<li id="cite_note-beraldi16-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beraldi16_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Beraldi, <i>Les graveurs du 19e siècle</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lesgraveursdu19e05berauoft/page/16/mode/2up?q=choubrac">p.16</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/14962750/ateliers_choubrac/">Ateliers Choubrac</a>, <a href="Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque Nationale de France">Bibliothèque Nationale de France</a> (BNF)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-lanterne-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lanterne_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7500865q/f3.item.r=%22leon%20choubrac%22"><i>La Lanterne</i>, 8 April 1885</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-maindron51-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maindron51_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Maindron, <i>Les affiches Illustrées (1886–1895)</i>, p. 51-55</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hiatt-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hiatt_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiatt, <i>Picture Posters</i>, <a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Picture_Posters/Chapter_5">Chapter 5</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-maindron-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maindron_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maindron, <i>Les affiches Illustrées (1886-1895)</i>, p.23; 51-55</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Beraldi, Henri (1886). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lesgraveursdu19e05berauoft">Les graveurs du 19e siècle; guide de l'amateur d'estampes modernes</a></i>, Paris: L. Conquet</li>
<li>Hiatt, Charles (1896). <i><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Picture_Posters">Picture Posters</a></i>, London/New York: George Bell &amp; Sons, MacMillan &amp; Co.</li>
<li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Maindron, Ernest (1896). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lahistoriadelapublicidad.com/docs_ahp/ahp12.pdf">Les affiches Illustrées (1886-1895)</a></i>, Paris: G. Boudet</li>
<li>Verhagen, Marcus, <i>The poster in Fin-de-Siècle Paris: "That Mobile and Degenerate Art"</i>, in: Charney, Leo &amp; Vanessa R. Schwartz (eds.) (1995). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC-S13Hx59UC">Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life</a></i>, Berkeley (CA): University of California Press, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>9780520201125</bdi></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/14959510/leon_choubrac/">Léon Choubrac (1847-1885)</a>, BnF Data</li></ul>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:L%C3%A9on_Choubrac" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Léon Choubrac">Léon Choubrac</a></span>.</div></div>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15407071#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata984" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15407071#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata984" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69200215">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/142734853">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90656052">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb149595105">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb149595105">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/115757">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/8382">Musée d'Orsay</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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